英语介词 Prepositions
介词(Preposition)是英语中非常常见、非常重要的一类词,用来表示 时间、地点、方向、方式、原因、对象等关系。 本文章将介词分门别类整理,适合初中到高中所有阶段的学习者。
📌 1. 什么是介词(Preposition)
介词 = 放在名词 / 代词前面,用来表示某种关系的词。
如:
- in the room(在房间里)
- on the table(在桌子上)
- with her(和她一起)
- for me(为了我)
介词 + 名词(或代词) = 介词短语(prepositional phrase) 介词短语可以当 状语 或 定语 使用。
📌 2. 常见的地点介词(初中重点)
in / on / at 的区别(地点)
| 介词 | 使用场景 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|
| in | 大范围、三维空间 | in China, in a room |
| on | 表面、线路 | on the table, on the bus |
| at | 小范围、具体点 | at the door, at school |
例句:
- He is in the classroom.
- The book is on the table.
- She is waiting at the gate.
📌 3. 常见的时间介词(初中重点)
in / on / at(时间)
| 介词 | 用于 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|
| in | 年、月、季节、较长时间 | in 2025, in July, in winter |
| on | 具体日期、星期 | on Monday, on May 1st |
| at | 具体时刻 | at 7:00, at midnight |
例句:
- I get up at 7:00.
- We go hiking in spring.
- The meeting is on Friday.
📌 4. 表示方向的介词
| 介词 | 含义 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|
| into | 进入 | go into the room |
| out of | 出来 | go out of the classroom |
| to | 去…… | go to school |
| towards | 朝向 | walk towards me |
| through | 穿过 | go through the tunnel |
例句:
- He walked into the house.
- The dog ran towards me.
📌 5. 表示方式、手段的介词
| 介词 | 用法 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|
| by | 交通方式、方法 | by bus, by email |
| with | 用某物、和…一起 | cut with a knife, with my friends |
| without | 没有… | without money |
例句:
- I go to school by bike.
- She writes with a pen.
📌 6. 表示原因、目的、对象的介词
| 介词 | 含义 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|
| for | 为了、给 | for you, for health |
| about | 关于 | talk about the movie |
| because of | 因为(后接名词) | because of the rain |
例句:
- This gift is for you.
- We are talking about English.
📌 7. 常见的介词短语(考试高频)
| 介词短语 | 含义 |
|---|---|
| in front of | 在……前面 |
| in the middle of | 在……中间 |
| because of | 因为 |
| according to | 根据 |
| instead of | 而不是 |
| out of | 出于 / 离开 |
例句:
- The car is in front of the house.
- Because of the snow, we stayed home.
📌 8. 介词 vs. 副词(初中易混)
很多短语长得很像,但一个是介词,一个是副词:
✔️ 介词 + 名词
- He walked into the room.
✔️ 副词(后面没有名词)
- He walked in.
判断方法:
后面有没有名词? 有 → 介词 无 → 副词
📌 9. 常见易错点(初中 + 高中)
❌ Wrong
He arrived to Beijing yesterday.
✔️ Correct
He arrived in Beijing yesterday.
❌ Wrong
She is good in English.
✔️ Correct
She is good at English.
❌ Wrong
It depends of you.
✔️ Correct
It depends on you.
📌 10. 高频动词 + 介词(属于“动词短语”)
这些是“动词 + 介词”,整体当一个动词记:
| 动词短语 | 含义 |
|---|---|
| look for | 寻找 |
| listen to | 听 |
| wait for | 等待 |
| depend on | 依靠 |
| worry about | 担心 |
例句:
- I’m looking for my pen.
- Please listen to me.
📌 11. 总结(最好背住)
介词口诀:
时间 in 大 on 小 at 最小; 地点 in 大 on 表面 at 点上。
再补一句:
介词后面一定要接名词(或代词)。